Name the following carboxylic acids

SOLUTION:

Molecule 1.

Main function: carboxylic acid (-oic)
Numbering: lowest locant to carboxylic acid.
substituents: no
Name: Pent-2-enoic acid

Molecule 2.

Main function: carboxylic acid (-oic)
Numbering: lowest locant to carboxylic acid.
substituents: no
Name: Pentanoic acid

Molecule 3.

Main function: carboxylic acid (-oic)
Numbering: lowest locant to carboxylic acid.
Substituents: 4-hydroxy group.
Name: 4-hydroxypentanoic acid

Carboxylic acids have priority over other functional groups (with the exception of ammonium salts).

Molecule 4.

Main function: carboxylic acid (-oic)
Numbering: lowest locant to carboxylic acid.
substituents: no
Name: Butanedioic acid

Molecule 5.

Main function: carboxylic acid (-oic)
Numbering: lowest locant to carboxylic acid.
Substituents: ketone (oxo-) in 3.
Name: 3-oxobutanoic acid

Molecule 6.

Main function: carboxylic acid (-oic)
Numbering: lowest locant to carboxylic acid.
Substituents: chlorine in 3 and methyl in 4.
Name: 3-chloro-4-methylpentanoic acid

Molecule 7.

Main function: carboxylic acid (-oic)
Numbering: lowest locant to carboxylic acid.
Substituents: no.
Name: Hex-3-en-5-ynoic acid

Molecule 8.

Main function: carboxylic acid (-carboxylic)
Numbering: lowest locant to carboxylic acid (without numbering its carbon).
Substituents: ketone (oxo-) in 3.
Name: 3-Oxocyclohexanecarboxylic acid

Molecule 9.


Main function: carboxylic acid (-carboxylic)
Numbering: lowest locant to the acid group.
substituents: no
Name: Cyclopentanecarboxylic acid