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THE ORIGIN OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

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German Fernandez
Created: August 22, 2007
Viewed: 592625

berzelius

The term "organic chemistry" was introduced in 1807 by Jöns Jacob Berzelius, to study compounds derived from natural resources. It was believed that compounds related to life possessed a "vital force" that made them different from inorganic compounds, in addition to being he considered impossible the preparation in the laboratory of an organic compound, which had been achieved with inorganic compounds.

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WHAT DOES ORGANIC CHEMISTRY STUDY?

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German Fernandez
Created: August 22, 2007
Viewed: 913417

serotonin

Organic chemistry is the scientific discipline that studies the structure, properties, synthesis and reactivity of chemical compounds formed mainly by carbon and hydrogen, which may contain other elements, generally in small amounts such as oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, halogens, phosphorus, silicon. .

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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FORUM

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German Fernandez
Created: 06 January 2015
Views: 281586

forum1

This website provides its users with a consultation forum. To create an entry it is necessary to be registered and access the web, for this you must use the login block that appears in the left column.

Once inside the web, we click on the "new topic" tab, we choose the appropriate category for our query, we add a title that indicates to the rest of the users the topic to be treated and we add the necessary images using the "add file" button.

Access the forum (Recent Topics)

Access the forum (Categories)

CHANNEL MEMBERS

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German Fernandez
Created: February 19, 2023
Views: 3318

members

Joining the channel will give you access to all the videos, you will also have an exclusive forum section where you can ask your questions.

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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY COURSE

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German Fernandez
Created: 06 January 2015
Views: 281469

organic i

The ORGANIC CHEMISTRY section deals with the following topics:

Alkanes, cycloalkanes, radical halogenation reactions, stereochemistry, Alkenes, alkene reactions, alkynes, allylic systems, Diels Alder reaction, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes and ketones, reactions that proceed through enols and enolates, benzene, carboxylic acids, acid derivatives, amines, silicon compounds, phosphorus and sulfur.

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ADVANCED ORGANIC COURSE

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German Fernandez
Created: 06 January 2015
Views: 257148

oxazolidone

In this section the following advanced organic topics are studied:

1. Natural products
2. Reaction mechanisms
3. Substitution and elimination reactions
4. Organic synthesis.
5. Oxidation reduction reactions

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STRUCTURAL DETERMINATION

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German Fernandez
Created: 06 January 2015
Views: 236501

nmr

This section covers the following topics on determining organic structures:

1. Determination of organic compounds
2. Visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy
3. Infrared spectroscopy
4. NMR spectroscopy
5. Mass spectrometry.

 

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ORGANIC SYNTHESIS

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German Fernandez
Created: October 14, 2007
Viewed: 544755

Cuban

The synthesis of compounds is one of the most important parts of organic chemistry. The first organic synthesis dates back to 1828, when Friedrich Wöhler obtained urea from ammonium cyanate. Since then more than 10 million organic compounds have been synthesized from simpler compounds, both organic and inorganic.

Access the Organic Synthesis section created and maintained by Professor Wilbert Rivera Muñoz

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HETEROCYCLES COURSE

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German Fernandez
Created: February 19, 2023
Views: 3568

pyridine

In this section we introduce the basic concepts of heterocyclic chemistry. We will start with the nomenclature according to the Hantzsch-Widman system, to continue with the study of the most relevant heterocyclic systems, pyridine, quinoline and isoquinoline, pyrrole, thiophene, furan and indole.

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pKas LIST

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German Fernandez
Created: January 27, 2009
Viewed: 370268

list_pkas-portada.png

The pKa is defined as -logKa, and indicates the degree of acidity of the hydrogens of an organic compound.

A hydrogen is all the more acid the lower its pKa.

The list begins with the compounds with the lowest acidity, the highest pKa, such as alkanes (pKa = 50). The hydrogens with respect to esters, amides, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones... present an intermediate acidity with pKa values ​​between 20 and 30. The protonated species have hydrogens with negative pKas, reaching values ​​below -10 .
Download pdf with compilation of pKas by R. Williams
 
 

MOLECULAR MODELS

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German Fernandez
Created: 04 May 2008
Views: 418942

Molecular models are of great importance in organic chemistry, helping to predict properties and reactivity of organic compounds.
Here you will find models of organic compounds (balls, rods, surfaces), visualized using jmol , an interactive application programmed in java.

See molecular models

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VIDEO OF THE WEEK

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German Fernandez
Created: February 19, 2023
Views: 3696

Determination of the structure of an organic compound of formula C 6 H 10 O from its NMR and infrared spectra.

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY YouTube Channel

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German Fernandez
Created: June 21, 2021
Views: 68163

 

 

 

I have created this new channel specifically for organic chemistry, so the content will not be mixed with other subjects.

In it we will deal with the typical topics of general organic chemistry as well as topics of advanced organic and heterocycles. I hope you find it useful to prepare organic chemistry courses.

German Fernandez.

MOLECULAR EDITORS

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German Fernandez
Created: August 26, 2008
Viewed: 471091

editors

Molecular editors are computer programs designed to draw molecules and reactions. They are essential to be able to express themselves in organic chemistry, allowing to write reactions and mechanisms.


There are two molecular editors whose features stand out from the rest: ACD/ChemSketch and ChemDraw.

Read more: MOLECULAR EDITORS

ANDROID APPS

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German Fernandez
Created: 08 January 2015
Viewed: 154968

Android applications that you can download on Google Play

download

Organic Chemistry: application that contains a large part of the content shown on this website

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.net.quimicaorganica&hl=es

Organic Chemistry Nomenclature: application with theory and interactive exercises to name organic compounds.

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=german.nomenclatura_organica&hl=en

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  • Alkanes nomenclature
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  • Alkene Nomenclature
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  • Alcohols - general characteristics
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  • Alkenes hydrogenation
  • Physical Properties of Alkenes
  • Ozonolysis of Alkenes
  • Enantiomer nomenclature
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  • Synthesis of Alkenes by Dehydration of Alcohols
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  • benzoin condensation
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  • Elements of asymmetry leading to chiral molecules
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  • conformational analysis
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  • The Thioethers
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  • simulation of the infrared spectrum of propanamide
  • Simulation of the infrared spectrum of 1-butanamine
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  • Simulation of the infrared spectrum of ethanenitrile
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  • Simulation of the infrared spectrum of ethanal
  • Simulation of the infrared spectrum of 2-butanone
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  • Guareschi-Thorpe synthesis of pyridine
  • Kröhnke synthesis of pyridine
  • Pomerantz-Fritsch synthesis of isoquinolines
  • Pictet Spengler synthesis of isoquinoline
  • Bischer–Napieralski synthesis
  • Friedlander quinoline synthesis
  • Combes synthesis of quinolines
  • Alkyl and vinyl quinolines and isoquinolines
  • Nucleophilic substitution in quinoline and isoquinoline
  • Nucleophilic addition to quinolines and isoquinolines
  • Lithiation reaction in quinoline and isoquinoline
  • Electrophilic substitution by N-oxides
  • Electrophilic substitution reaction in quinoline and isoquinoline
  • Reactions with nitrogen lone pair: quinoline and isoquinoline
  • Reactivity of alkyl and vinyl pyridines
  • Nucleophilic substitution by elimination-addition: the pyridine
  • Nucleophilic substitution reactions in pyridine
  • Nucleophilic addition reactions to pyridines
  • pyridine lithiation
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  • Synthesis of thiophene by 1,3-dipolar
  • Paal–Knorr synthesis of thiophene
  • Furan synthesis by 1,3-dipolar
  • Feist-Benary synthesis of furan
  • Paal–Knorr synthesis of furans
  • Synthesis of pyrrole via 1,3-dipolar
  • Hantzch synthesis of pyrrole
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  • furan opening
  • Derivatives of pyrrole, thiophene and furan
  • Cycloaddition reactions in furan
  • Lithiation reaction
  • Nucleophilic substitution in pyrrole, thiophene and furan
  • nucleophilic addition
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  • Madelung synthesis of indole
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  • Indole ring reduction
  • Indole ring expansion
  • Indole derivatives
  • Electrophilic substitution with position 3 of the indole occupied
  • Electrophilic substitution at the indole
  • indole acidity
  • Examples of fused heterocycle nomenclature
  • Literation of the base heterocycle and numbering of the annex
  • Peripheral numbering of the global heterocycle
  • Rules for the choice of the base component
  • General concepts of condensed heterocycle nomenclature
  • General characteristics of diazines
  • Cyclization of carbenes nitrenes and radicals
  • Cyclization on sp carbons
  • Cyclization processes by nucleophilic addition and addition-elimination at sp¹²2 carbons
  • Formation of cycles through S$_N$2
  • Classification of nucleophilic attacks (Baldwin's Rules)
  • Reactants in cyclization reactions
  • Synthesis of heterocycles by cyclization reactions
  • The anomeric effect