The Paal-Knorr synthesis generates thiophenes by reaction of 1,4-dicarbonyls with P 4 S 10
Stage 1. Formation of the thiocarbonyl
Stage 2. Formation of the enothiol
Stage 3. Cyclization
Stage 4. Dehydration
Paal–Knorr synthesis of thiophene
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- Germán Fernández
- PYRROL, THIOPHENE AND FURAN THEORY
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