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Alkanes
- Alkanes nomenclature
- Types of hydrocarbons
- Alkanes
- Isomeric alkanes
- Physical properties of alkanes
- Newman projection
- conformational isomers
- Conformational analysis of ethane
- Butane conformational analysis
- Bicyclic Compounds Nomenclature - IUPAC Rules
- What are alkanes?
Alkanes problems
- Alkanes - Problem 1
- Alkanes - Problem 15
- Alkanes - Problem 12
- Alkanes - Problem 2
- Alkanes - Problem 5
- Alkanes - Problem 10
- Alkanes - Problem 4
- Alkanes - Problem 7
- Alkanes - Problem 3
- Alkanes - Problem 9
- Alkanes - Problem 13
- Alkanes - Problem 14
- Alkanes - Problem 16
- Alkanes - Problem 17
- Alkanes - Problem 18
- Alkanes - Problem 19
- Alkanes - Problem 6
- Alkanes - Problem 8
- Alkanes - Problem 11
Cycloalkanes
- Cycloalkanes nomenclature
- Ring Strain in Cycloalkanes
- Cyclopropane
- Cyclobutane
- Cyclopentane
- Cyclohexane
- Conformations of Cyclohexane
- Agenda - Cycloalkanes
- Conformational equilibrium in cyclohexane
- Substituted cyclohexanes | 1,3-diaxial interaction
Cycloalkanes problems
- Cycloalkanes - Problem 1
- Cycloalkanes - Problem 2
- Cycloalkanes - Problem 3
- Cycloalkanes - Problem 4
- Cycloalkanes - Problem 5
- Cycloalkanes - Problem 6
- Cycloalkanes - Problem 7
Halogenation Alkanes
- Mechanism of radical halogenations
- Energy Profile
- Halogen reactivity
- Radical stability in radical halogenations
- Distribution of products in halogenations
- Halogenation reactions
Stereochemistry
- Stereochemistry - Stereoisomerism
- Isomer classification
- Geometric or cis-trans isomers
- Molecular chirality and enantiomers
- Isomers with a single asymmetric carbon
- Enantiomer nomenclature
- Symmetry in Chiral Molecules: Meso Forms
- Optical activity
- Fisher projection
- RS Notation on Fischer Projection
- Passage from Newman to Fischer
- Sawhorse projection
- Agenda - Stereochemistry
- Stereochemistry of chemical reactions
- Molecules with more than one chiral center
- Stereospecific and stereoselective reaction
- Separation of enantiomers
Stereochemical problems
- Stereochemistry - Problem 5
- Stereochemistry - Problem 6
- Stereochemistry - Problem 1
- Stereochemistry - Problem 2
- Stereochemistry - Problem 3
- Stereochemistry - Problem 4
Substitution Reactions - SN2
- General Characteristics of Bimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution (SN2)
- Mechanism - Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution - SN2
- Energy diagram in SN2
- Stereochemistry in SN2
- The leaving group in the nucleophilic substitution - SN2
- The nucleophile in SN2
- Substrate in nucleophilic substitution - SN2
- Cyclic substrates in SN2
- Solvent in Nucleophilic Substitution - SN2
SN2 problems
- Substitution Reactions -SN2- Problem 1
- Substitution Reactions - SN2 - Problem 2
Substitution Reactions - SN1
- General characteristics of the SN1
- SN1 Mechanism
- Energy Diagram in SN1
- Stereochemistry in SN1
- Leaving group on SN1
- Nucleophile in SN1
- Carbocation stability
- Protic solvents favor SN1
Reactions Elimination
- Bimolecular elimination - E2
- Unimolecular elimination - E1
- E2 is an ANTI stereospecific reaction
- Substitution/elimination competition
Problems Elimination
- Elimination Reactions - Problem 1
Alkenes
- Degree of unsaturation
- Alkenes
- Alkenes - Structure and Bond
- Alkene Nomenclature
- Physical Properties of Alkenes
- Alkene Stability
- Synthesis of Alkenes by E2
- Synthesis of Alkenes by Dehydration of Alcohols
Alkene problems
- Alkenes - Problem 5
- Alkenes - Problem 3
- Alkenes - Problem 1
- Alkenes - Problem 2
- Alkenes - Problem 4
- Alkenes - Problem 6
- Alkenes - Problem 7
- Alkenes - Problem 8
- Alkenes - Problem 9
- Alkenes - Problem 10
Alkene Reactions
- Electrophilic addition reactions
- Alkenes hydrogenation
- Halogen addition
- Hydroboration of Alkenes
- Halohydrin formation
- HX addition
- Markovnikov Rule - Regioselectivity
- Alkene Hydration
- Alkene Epoxidation
- Ozonolysis of Alkenes
- Oxymercuriation - Demercuriation
- Dihydroxylation of alkenes
- HBr addition with peroxides
- Alkene polymerization
Alkene Reactions Problems
- Alkene Reactions - Problem 3
- Alkene Reactions - Problem 2
- Alkene Reactions - Problem 4
- Alkene Reactions - Problem 5
- Alkene Reactions - Problem 6
- Alkene Reactions - Problem 7
- Alkene Reactions - Problem 1
- Alkene Reactions - Problem 8
Alkynes
- Alkynes
- Alkyne nomenclature
- Alkyne Acidity
- Physical properties of Alkynes
- Synthesis of Alkynes by Alkylation
- Alkyne hydrogenation
- Alkyne Hydrogenation with Lindlar Catalyst
- Hydrogenation of Alkynes with Sodium in Liquid Ammonia
- Preparation of Alkynes by Double Elimination
- Alkyne Hydration
- Hydroboration of Alkynes
- Addition of Hydrogen Halides to Alkynes
- Halogenation of Alkynes
- Alkyne Ozonolysis
Alkyne problems
- Alkynes - Problem 8
- Alkynes - Problem 10
- Alkynes - Problem 11
- Alkynes - Problem 1
- Alkynes - Problem 2
- Alkynes - Problem 3
- Alkynes - Problem 4
- Alkynes - Problem 5
- Alkynes - Problem 6
- Alkynes - Problem 7
- Alkynes - Problem 9
- Alkynes - Problem 12
Alcohols
- Alcohols - general characteristics
- Acidity and basicity of alcohols
- Alcohol Nomenclature
- Synthesis of Alcohols from Haloalkanes
- Synthesis of Alcohols by reduction of carbonyls
- Synthesis of Alcohols by Hydrogenation of Carbonyls
- Synthesis of Alcohols from Epoxides
- Synthesis of Alcohols by Hydration of Alkenes
- Synthesis of alcohols by reduction of acids and esters
- Synthesis of Haloalkanes from Alcohols
- Alcohol oxidation
- Formation of Alkoxides from Alcohols
Alcohol problems
- Alcohols - Problem 1
- Alcohols - Problem 2
- Alcohols - Problem 3
Ethers
- Ethers - epoxides nomenclature
- Structure and bonding in ethers and epoxides
- Physical properties of ethers
- Synthesis of ethers by condensation of alcohols
- Williamson's synthesis of ethers
- Synthesis of ethers by SN1
- Ethers as protecting groups of alcohols
- Opening of cyclic ethers (epoxides)
Ethers problems
- Ethers - Problem 1
- Ethers - Problem 2
Allylic systems
- Allylic-conjugation systems
- The allyl group
- Allyl cations
- SN1 in allylic systems
- Kinetic and thermodynamic control in allylic systems
- SN2 in allylic systems
- SN2 prime in allylic systems
- 1,4 elimination in allylic systems
- Radical reactions in allylic systems
- Acid addition of halogens (HX) to conjugated dienes
- Addition of bromine to conjugated dienes
Diels Alder reaction
- Diels-Alder reaction
- Diels-Alder stereochemistry
- Diels-Alder stereochemistry
- Diels Alder with Alkynes
- Inverse reaction to Diels-Alder (Retro-Diels-Alder)
- Intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction
- Photochemical reactions [2+2]
- Electrocyclic reactions
Aldehydes and Ketones
- Preparation of aldehydes and ketones
- Hydrate Formation
- Formation of Hemiacetals
- Acetal Formation
- Formation of cyclic acetals
- Acetals as protecting groups
- Aldehyde and Ketone Nomenclature
- Imine formation
- Oxime formation
- Hydrazone Formation
- Azine Formation
- Semicarbazone formation
- 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine assay
- Cyanohydrin formation
- Wittig reaction
- Baeyer Villiger oxidation
- Enamine Formation
Carbonyl Problems
- Aldehydes and Ketones: Problem 2
- Aldehydes and Ketones: Problem 4
- Aldehydes and Ketones: Problem 5
- Aldehydes and Ketones: Problem 6
- Aldehydes and Ketones: Problem 7
- Aldehydes and Ketones: Problem 8
- Aldehydes and Ketones: Problem 9
- Aldehydes and Ketones: Problem 10
- Aldehydes and Ketones: Problem 11
- Aldehydes and Ketones - Problem 1
- Aldehydes and Ketones - Problem 3
Enolates and Enols
- Enolate Formation
- alkylation of enolates
- Hydrogen - Deuterium exchange
- Halogenation of aldehydes and ketones
- Haloform (Iodoform) reaction
- aldol condensation
- Aldol condensation with ketones
- Intramolecular aldol condensation
- Cross or mixed aldol condensation
- Synthesis of alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyls
- Reactivity of alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyls
- Addition of Michael and annulation of Robinson
Enol and enolate problems
- Enols and enolates - Problem 1
- Enols and enolates - Problem 2
- Enols and enolates - Problem 3
- Enols and enolates - Problem 4
- Enols and enolates - Problem 5
- Enols and enolates - Problem 6
- Enols and enolates - Problem 7
- Enols and enolates - Problem 8
- Enols and enolates - Problem 9
- Enols and enolates - Problem 10
- Enols and enolates - Problem 11
- Enols and enolates - Problem 12
- Enols and enolates - Problem 13
- Enols and enolates - Problem 14
- Enols and enolates - Problem 15
Benzene
- Benzene nomenclature
- Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
- Benzene Nitration
- Sulfonation of benzene
- halogenation of benzene
- Benzene - Protection and deprotection of the amino group
- Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution: Benzine
- Reduction of nitro to amino and oxidation of amino to nitro
- Protection of activated positions
- Aromatic nucleophilic substitution by addition-elimination
- The benzylic position
- Side chain oxidation
- Birch reduction
- Claisen transposition
- Sandmeyer and Schiemann reactions
- Azo coupling
Benzene problems
- Benzene - Problem 1
- Benzene - Problem 2
- Benzene - Problem 3
- Benzene - Problem 4
- Benzene - Problem 5
- Benzene - Problem 6
- Benzene - Problem 7
- Benzene - Problem 8
- Benzene - Problem 9
- Benzene - Problem 10
- Benzene - Problem 11
- Benzene - Problem 12
- Benzene - Problem 13
- Benzene - Problem 14
- Benzene - Problem 15
- Benzene - Problem 16
Carboxylic acids
- Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids
- Nomenclature - Carboxylic Acids
- Synthesis of alkanoyl halides from carboxylic acids
- Acidity and Basicity of Carboxylic Acids
- Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
- Synthesis of Anhydrides from Carboxylic Acids
- Synthesis of esters from carboxylic acids - Esterification
- Synthesis of amides from carboxylic acids
- Lactam synthesis
- Lactone Synthesis
- Reaction of carboxylic acids with organometallics
- Reduction of carboxylic acids to alcohols
- Formation of carboxylic acid enolates
- Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction
- Hunsdiecker reaction
- Reactivity of carboxylic acid derivatives
- Acidity and Basicity of Acid Derivatives
Acid problems
- Carboxylic Acids - Problem 1
- Carboxylic Acids - Problem 2
Anhydrides
- Anhydride Nomenclature
- Reaction of anhydrides with water
- Reaction of anhydrides with alcohols
- Reaction of anhydrides with ammonia and amines
- Reduction of anhydrides to alcohols
Alkanoyl Halides
- Nomenclature: Alkanoyl Halides
- Alkanoyl Halide Hydrolysis
- Reaction of Alkanoyl Halides with Alcohols
- Reaction of alkanoyl halides with amines and ammonia
- Reaction of Alkanoyl Halides with Organometallics
- Reduction of acid halides to alcohols
- Reduction of alkanoyl halides to aldehydes
- Alkanoyl Halides - Rosenmund Reduction
Halide problems
- Acid Halides - Problem 1
- Acid Halides - Problem 2
- Acid Halides - Problem 3
Esters
- Ester Nomenclature
- Acid hydrolysis of esters
- Basic hydrolysis of esters. saponification
- Lactone hydrolysis
- Acid transesterification of esters
- Transesterification in basic medium
- Ester enolates
- Reaction of esters with organometallics
- Reduction of esters to alcohols
- Reduction of esters to aldehydes: DIBAL
- Claisen condensation
Esters Problems
- Esters - Problem 3
- Esters - Problem 4
- Esters - Problem 5
- Esters - Problem 1
Amides
- Amide Nomenclature
- Amide Synthesis
- Cyclic Amides - Lactams
- Imides
- Acid hydrolysis of amides
- Basic hydrolysis of amides
- Formation of amidates
- Amide Enolates
- Reduction of amides to amines
- Amide reduction with DIBAL
- Hofmann transposition
Amide problems
- Amides - Problem 1
Nitriles
- Nitrile nomenclature
- Nitrile Synthesis
- Acid hydrolysis of Nitriles
- Basic hydrolysis of nitriles
- Reaction of nitriles with organometallics
- nitrile enolates
- Reduction of nitriles to amines
- Reduction of nitriles to aldehydes
Nitriles problems
- Nitriles - Problem 1
- Nitriles - Problem 2
Difunctional Compounds
- Acetylacetic Synthesis
- Malonic Synthesis
- Review of Claisen condensation
- Michael's addition
- Knoevenagel condensation
- acyloinic condensation
- benzoin condensation
- Synthesis of 1,3-dithianes
- Synthesis of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds
Amines
- Amine Nomenclature
- Physical properties of amines
- Acid-Base Properties of Amines
- Structure and bonding of amines
- Amine synthesis by direct alkylation
- Synthesis of amines by reduction of nitriles
- Preparation of amines by reduction of azides
- Synthesis of amines by reduction of amides
- Synthesis of amines by reduction of amides
- Amine synthesis by Hofmann rearrangement
- Gabriel synthesis
- reductive amination
- Synthesis of amines by opening epoxides
- Hofmann elimination
- Elimination of Cope
- Mannich reaction
Amine problems
- Amines - Problem 1
- Amines - Problem 2
Sulfur, Phosphorus, and Silicon
- thiols
- The Thioethers
- Sulphoxide removal WITHOUT
- ylides of sulfur
- Thioacetals, hydrolysis and reduction to alkanes
- Synthesis of 1,3-dithianes. UMPOLUNG reactions
- Phosphines and phosphorus ylides

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