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ESTERS THEORY
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Esters are reduced to aldehydes with diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL) at -78°C. A single equivalent must be used to stop the reaction in the aldehyde, avoiding its reduction to alcohol.

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The DIBAL has the following structure:

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Reaction Mechanism:

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Cyclic esters (lactones) reduce with DIBAL to give molecules with aldehyde and alcohol groups.

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