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THEORY OF DIFUNCTIONAL COMPOUNDS
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The 3-keto esters or β -keto esters are obtained by the Claisen condensation of two esters.

Diesters produce cyclic 3-ketoesters by intramolecular Claisen condensation, also called Dieckmann condensation
Mixed Claisen produces 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds by condensation between ketone and ester.

condensation claisen 1

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condensation claisen 2

condensation claisen 3

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condensation claisen 4

The mixed Claisen condensation between ester and ketone produces 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. Aldehydes are not effective in this synthesis as they react via aldol condensation.
condensation claisen 5
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condensation claisen 6

condensation claisen 7

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condensation claisen 8